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  How it all works The focusing lens in a Co2 laser cutter/engraver converges the laser beam to form the focal point of the laser cutting or engraving material. This point is located at the sharpest point of convergence of the beam and is often referred to as the "spot size". Several factors can affect this spot size, which will ultimately determine the outcome of your project. The purpose of this article is to explain these differences and give you a better understanding of which lens is best for you.   What are the different options? The most common lens options are 1.5, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 inches. These measurements are the focal lengths needed for each lens to focus perfectly. For example, a 1.5-inch lens needs to be exactly 1.5 inches above the surface of the material to focus correctly. The main factors that distinguish each lens are spot size and depth of focus. The smaller the lens, the smaller the focal length and spot size.   What is the difference between them and...

Butylated hydroxytoluene, also known as  BHT ,  European Food Additive No. E321, is a synthetic phenolic compound that is used as an antioxidant, preservative and stabilizer in fats and oils. It is added to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage and is used primarily in cereals, shortenings, potato chips, margarine and nuts. How is BHT made? Commercial BHT is produced by reacting 4-methylphenol (p-cresol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene) with a catalyst.  4-methylphenol is obtained from the sulfonation of toluene (derived from the distillation of petroleum) and afterward heated with sodium hydroxide. 2-methylpropene is also made from petroleum. Uses of BHT BHT, BHA and TBHQ are synthetic phenolic antioxidants that are commonly added/blended together to retard or prevent rancidity of fats and oils and loss of activity of fat-soluble vitamins in foods and cosmetics.  BHA and BHT are often used in combination with other chemicals for synergistic antioxidant activity,...